Business Custom Essay samples, Free samples: college essays, admission, argumentive essays


	▪ American History ▪ Art ▪ Biographies ▪ Business Accounting Ethics Business Alliances Business Communication Business Cycles Business Ethics Business Forecasting Business Statistics Business and Politics Business in Great Britain Business in Japan Corporate Takeovers Division of Labor and Society Electronic Business Financing a Business Henry Ford John D. Rockefeller Management Buyouts Marketing Marketing Mix Mergers and Acquisitions Risk Management Sex Defferences in Business Ethics Small Business Small Business Policy Strategic Planning ▪ Case Studies ▪ Communication & Media ▪ Computer Technologies ▪ Controversial Topics ▪ Culture ▪ Economics ▪ Education ▪ Environmental Issues ▪ Finance		▪ Geography ▪ Health ▪ History ▪ Internet ▪ Management ▪ Media ▪ Philosophy ▪ Politics ▪ Religion ▪ Roman History ▪ Science and Technology ▪ Sociology ▪ World Literature


	The History of HIV/AIDS

	Imagine a disease that was usually fatal and could spread each and every time two people have sex. Now imagine that that disease progressed so slowly that it took an average of ten years from the time of infection until the infected person's death, sometimes as much as twenty years. Let's also imagine that the disease was caused by a virus so small, a mere 130 millionth of a millimeter in diameter, that if it was magnified several times, it still could not be seen with the naked eye. And what if the disease affected mostly people in the prime of their lives, rather than at the end of their years? And what if the disease produced hideous symptoms like purplish blotches on the skin, extreme fatigue, and severe weight loss? And imagine that disease was new and spreading around the world at an alarming rate, infecting tens of millions of people.


	▪	Alternative Schooling
	▪	Freedom of Speech: Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
	▪	Homosexuality: Biology and/or Culture?
	▪	Fossil Fuels: Coal, Gas, and Petroleum
	▪	Generating and Transmitting Electricity
	▪	Rise of the Steel Industry
	▪	The Development of the Automobile
	▪	Extinction of Species
	▪	Legalization of Drugs
	▪	Corporate Social Responsibility
	▪	The U.S.A. Patriot Act
	▪	Death Penalty Contradictions
	▪	The Right to Die
	▪	Affirmative Action: Pursuing Fairness
	▪	The Abortion Reform Movement
	▪	Puritanism in America
	▪	Early Christian Art
	▪	Theodore Roosevelt
	▪	Labor Rights
	▪	Medieval Chivalry
	▪	Understanding Marijuana
	▪	Medicine in the Classical World
	▪	Health Care Policy in the US
	▪	Psychedelic Drugs Abuse
	▪	Ethics of Doctor-Patient Relationships
	▪	Religion of Rome and Early Italy
	▪	Standardized Testing
	▪	Economics of Alfred Marshall
	▪	Confucian Moral Self Cultivation
	▪	Genocide in Rwanda
	▪	Andy Warhol
	▪	Accounting Ethics
	▪	Benito Mussolini
	▪	Anthony Comstock
	▪	Henry Ford
	▪	Bram Stoker
	▪	The Television Industries: Broadcast, Cable, and Satellite
	▪	Online Gambling
	▪	New Spain
	▪	Homeopathy
	▪	International Financial Flows
	▪	Experiencing Culture Shock
	▪	Computer-Mediated Communication
	▪	Political Advertising
	▪	International Human Rights
	▪	The Iran-Contra Affairs

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Business Custom Essays samples

▪	Accounting Ethics


	Accounting Ethics

	Ethics is receiving wide-ranging discussion in today's popular press as well as in accounting literature. Many accountants find themselves perplexed by these arguments because they have not been exposed to a practical method of dealing with ethical dilemmas. No formal training and few opportunities in everyday working life have been provided for accountants on a sustained basis. Most accountants are very practical. They therefore resist ethical discussions that they perceive to be either moralizing in tone or abstract and philosophical in content.

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▪	Business Alliances


	Business Alliances

	In recent years, businesses' engagements in international alliances has been augmented considerably. While the popularity of such cross-border partnerships has stimulated the formation of a variety of collaborative arrangements between firms, this movement presents a paradox for researchers and managers. On one hand, a traditional view of interfirm competition suggests that businesses are naturally involved in fierce competition with their rivals. On the other hand, today's firms�especially multinational players�recognize the benefits of collaborative ventures. From a strategic point of view, multinational corporations (MNCs) have changed their traditional views of competition and have adopted a variety of new and flexible approaches for achieving sustainable competitive advantages. Such a shift in their business strategies has become more vivid today than ever before. In particular, the frequent use of business alliances as an indispensable tool in their strategic repertoire has manifested itself in the global business.

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▪	Business Communication


	Business Communication

	Germany is one of the most important countries involved in international trade. It is imperative to understand the cultural factors of Germany when involved in business communication. Various cultural factors include language, management methods, and business relationships.

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▪	Business Cycles


	Business Cycles

	What is a business cycle? As one examines almost any business chart which shows graphically such business data as production, sales, prices, or interest rates, one is impressed with the fact of a wavelike movement. There are ups and downs, and, more than that, the ups and downs manifest a considerable regularity. This is merely a graphical expression of the fact that the history of business is a record of recurrent periods of normal activity, booms, and depressions. Most of the time, business activity in the United States, at least, is found to be either rising from a relatively depressed condition toward a peak or falling from a relatively prosperous condition toward a bottom. This wavelike movement of business has given rise to the theory of the business cycle.

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▪	Business Ethics


	Business Ethics

	...The usual approach to ethical theory in business ethics texts is to present either in cursory from or sometimes in greater detail the theory of utilitarianism based on the writings of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill as representative of a more general class of teleological ethics, and Kantian ethical theory related to the categorical imperative as representative of the deotological approach to ethical decision making. These texts then go on to present certain notions of justice, usually going into the egalitarianism of John Rawls and opposing libertarianism of Robert Nozick. They also generally include a discussion of rights, and at times, some variation of virtue theory...

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▪	Business Forecasting


	Business Forecasting

	"Forecasting" is seeing in advance, or anticipating, future trends. It differs widely both in the degree of anticipation and in definiteness. Sometimes the problem of the forecaster is to anticipate day-to-day changes in the market for some commodity, such as cotton; again, it may be to foretell the course of commodity prices in general during the next decade. In one case it may be sufficient to indicate merely whether the trend will be up or down, while in another case it is essential to decide how sharp the anticipated movement will be. Again, the forecaster may be asked to express an opinion as to the duration of a movement or even its probable extent.

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▪	Business Statistics


	Business Statistics

	Few statistical series are considered by themselves; rather one series is compared with others, usually interrelated, in order that significant relationships may be brought out, either as sequences or as maladjustments. To attain this objective it is often necessary to put the time series, as originally reported, through various statistical processes. The easiest and simplest way to handle a series of statistical data may be to use the figures reported...

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▪	Business and Politics


	Business and Politics

	Whenever trouble threatens the world, the American dollar strengthens against other currencies. The strength of the dollar reflects the belief amongst investors that the USA is the country in which capitalism is safest. Such interpretations of the strength of business in the USA are common. The comment attributed to Eisenhower's Secretary of Defence that 'what is good for General Motors is good for the United States' may have been a slight misrepresentation of his remarks. The remark was, however, picked up by many as symptomatic of the degree to which capitalism in the USA is unchallenged. It is indeed the case that most Americans explicitly support a capitalist market system.

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▪	Business in Great Britain


	Business in Great Britain

	It is particularly difficult to classify the relationship between business and politics in Great Britain. A whole series of fundamental questions about the relationship between business and politics has no easy answers. These questions include how hostile or supportive is the political culture of capitalism, the degree to which the relationship between business and government is institutionalized, and the character of the 'industrial culture' prescribing what should be the purposes of the government- business relationship. Britain was often said by industrialists and commentators before the advent of the Thatcher Government to have an anti- business culture.

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▪	Business in Japan


	Business in Japan

	The magnitude of Japan's economic success is enormous. A nation of 120 million people living in crowded islands endowed with few natural resources has become the second largest economy in the world, less than half a century after being defeated and devastated in the Second World War. Japanese wages have increased in money terms from levels comparable with third world countries to levels comparable with the United States. It is true that because of the high cost of living in Japan, real incomes when adjusted to take account of differences in price levels are still significantly higher in the USA.

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▪	Corporate Takeovers


	Corporate Takeovers

	The term takeover refers to a situation in which an outside force gathers enough money to buy a controlling amount of stock in a company. The outside force thus takes over the target company. With the increased threat of takeovers, corporations have been forced to reshape their operating procedures and structures. Today almost any corporation might become the target of a takeover. Business and management must be aware of the characteristics that make firms likely takeover targets, and defenses they can use to protect their companies.

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▪	Division of Labor and Society


	Division of Labor

	In a division-of-labor society, not only productive geniuses, but everyone is enabled to concentrate on the kind of work for which he is best suited by virtue of his intellectual and bodily endowment. This principle applies to artistic and musical geniuses, to individuals with the kind of rare talents required to perform surgical operations or to be a champion athlete, on down to people whose special advantage may consist merely of such attributes as the possession of relatively keen eyesight or relatively great physical strength.

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▪	Electronic Business


	Electronic Business

	Electronic business, or "e-business", is any business process that is empowered by an information system. Today, this is mostly done with Web-based technologies. The term "e-business" was coined by Lou Gerstner, CEO of IBM. Electronic business methods enables companies to link their internal and external processes more efficiently and flexibly, work more closely with suppliers and partners to better satisfy the needs and expectations of their customers. In practice, this involves the introduction of new revenue streams through the use of e-commerce, the enhancement of relationships between clients and partners and improving efficiency from using knowledge management systems. E-business can be conducted over the public Internet, through internal intranets and over secure private extranets. It is more than just e-commerce. It covers business processes along the whole value chain: electronic purchasing ("e-procurement") and supply chain management, processing orders electronically, customer service and cooperation with business partners. This applies to traditional and virtual organizations. Special technical standards for e-business facilitate the exchange of data between companies. E-business software solutions allow the integration of intra and inter firm business processes.

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▪	Financing a Business


	Financing a Business

	Financing a business is a process that requires much planning. A business plan should be made mapping the future business. A business plan is a lengthy plan but when done properly will make the actual process of setting up a business much simpler. The business plan includes many steps that will be explained. . .

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▪	Henry Ford


	Henry Ford

	Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, in Dearborn, Michigan, the son of William and Mary Ford. By the age of sixteen Henry had developed a dislike for farming (his father's occupation) and preferred tinkering with mechanical objects. He built a kerosene-fueled steam tractor but abandoned that idea because of the danger of explosions with the fuel or the boiler. His early career led to a variety of jobs: repairing watches, working for a valve manufacturer, operating a sawmill, and working briefing for the Michigan Car Company. As early as 1885 he repaired an "Otto" engine, an internal combustion, compressed-gasoline-powered device invented in 1876 in Germany by Nicholas Otto. Henry saw a future for the internal combustion gasoline engine and developed several prototypes.

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▪	John D. Rockefeller


	John D. Rockefeller

	The story of Rockefeller's life is one of the great romances of American history; but it is not a story which invites swift and easy judgments. For one reason, it is extremely complex; for another, it raises highly debatable economic issues. "Each great industrial trust," writes the English economist Alfred Marshall, in Industry and Trade, "has owed its origin to the exceptional business genius of its founders. In some cases the genius was mainly constructive; in others it was largely strategic and incidentally destructive; sometimes even dishonest." He correctly ascribes the Standard Oil Trust to a combination of exceptional constructive ability and astute destructive strategy. The pages of its history -- some of them very dark, some brilliantly creditable -- show the two elements inextricably mingled. They also show that, as Marshall elsewhere states, "general propositions in regard to either competition or monopoly are full of snares." While some journalists and some politicians will utter sweeping and dogmatic statements upon an industrial aggregation like the Standard Oil, and upon the work of a great business leader like Rockefeller, economists will regard these glib verdicts with distrust. Too many unsolved problems are opened up by such an industrial organization, and too many difficult issues are raised by such an individual career.

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▪	Management Buyouts


	Management Buyouts

	There are several reasons why management buyouts occur. First of all, a management buyout is an escape from the grasp of stockholders. After a buyout, the existing management no longer has to satisfy the stockholders' desire for short-term earning reports. Instead, management can concentrate on cash flow and long-term growth. Monitoring cash flow is important since management must produce a profit in order to survive and to pay off debt.

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▪

Marketing


	Nike

	...Market segmentation is an essential part in today's business world. It is because not all customers have the same requirement and a market strategy which does not recognize this fact will result business failure. Market segmentation is the process of splitting customers, or potential customers within a market into different groups, or segments, within which customers have the same or similar requirements satisfied by a distinct marketing mix. Nike has been successful in market segmentation for selling their soccer boots, which resulted in a significant market share in that particular product category in recent years...

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▪	Marketing Mix


	Marketing Mix

	The marketing mix approach to marketing is a model of crafting and implementing marketing strategies. It stresses the "mixing" or blending of various factors in such a way that both organizational and consumer (target markets) objectives are attained. The model was developed by Neil Borden (Borden, N. 1964) who first started using the phrase in 1949. Borden claims the phrase came to him while reading James Culliton's description of the activities of a business executive: (An executive is) "a mixer of ingredients, who sometimes follows a recipe as he goes along, sometimes adapts a recipe to the ingredients immediately available, and sometimes experiments with or invents ingredients no one else has tried." (Culliton, J. 1948) When blending the mix elements, marketer(s) must consider their target market. They must understand the wants and needs (see Maslow)of the market (customer) then use these mix elements in constructing (formulating)an appropriate marketing strategies and plans that will satisfy these wants. The mix must also meet or exceed the objectives of the organization. As Borden put it, "When building a marketing program to fit the needs of his firm, the marketing manager has to weigh the behavioral forces and then juggle marketing elements in his mix with a keen eye on the resources with which he has to work." (Borden, N. 1964 pg 365). A separate marketing mix is usually crafted for each product offering or for each market segment, depending on the organizational structure of the firm. Borden goes on to suggest a procedure for developing a marketing mix. He claims that you need two sets of information; a list of important elements that go into the mix, and a list of forces that influence these decision variables. The most common variables used in constructing a marketing mix are price, promotion, product and distribution (also called placement). First suggested by Jerome McCarthy (McCarthy, J. 1960), they are sometimes referred to as the four P's. McCarthy said that marketers have essentially these four variables to use when crafting a marketing strategy and writing a marketing plan. In the long term, all four of the mix variables can be changed, but in the short term it is difficult to modify the product or the distribution channel. Therefore in the short term, marketers are limited to working with only half their tool kit. This limitation underscores the importance of long term strategic planning.