The Axial Age is known as a pivotal period in history that dates from 800 to 200 b.c.e. Coined in the 20th century by the philosopher Karl Jaspers (1883–1969), the Axial Age refers to the period of history when the following major figures, among others, emerged: Confucius; Laozi; Gautama Buddha; Zarathustra; the Jewish prophets Elijah, Isaiah, and Jeremiah; the Greek thinkers Parmenides, Heraclitus, Plato, Socrates, and Archimedes; as well as the Greek tragedians. What the aforementioned individuals all have in common are their respective articulations of what have been called transcendental visions—articulations that differed greatly from the cosmological understandings of their time.
The various prophets, philosophers, and sages began to ask a rather common set of ultimate questions regarding the nature and origin of the cosmos and all its various components, including themselves and their respective communities. Their inquiries and experiences
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