Category: Essay Examples
Essay examples are of great value for students who want to complete their assignments timely and efficiently. If you are a student in the university, your first stop in the quest for research paper examples will be the campus library where you can get to view the sample essays of lecturers and other professionals in diverse fields plus those of fellow students who preceded you in the campus.
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Many college departments maintain libraries of previous student work, including essays, which current students can examine. This collection of free essay examples is our attempt to provide high quality samples of different types of essays on a variety of topics for your study and inspiration.
Joseph Mar ie de Maistre (1753–1821) was a conservative writer, diplomat, and lawyer best remembered for his opposition to the French Revolution (1789–1799) and his defense of throne and altar. For the first half of his life, he lived in provincial obscurity as a lawyer and senator in …
Majority-minority districts are political wards in which racial minorities compose the largest voting block. The districts are created to ensure that minority votes are not diluted and to increase the number of minority officeholders. In the United States, the 1982 Voting Rights Act requires that such districts be …
Errico Malatesta (1853–1932) was an Italian anarcho-communist whose writings remain influential within contemporary anarchist movements. Initially an advocate of an insurrectionary approach to social change emphasizing the agitational work of small bands of activists in fomenting upr isings or revolution, Malatesta came to argue that anarchists should be …
Mandarins were political, military, and judicial officials of the Chinese Empire. The term was coined by the Portuguese from the Malay term mantra or councilor. The mandarins were classified into 18 different ranks and gained office through a series of rigorous examinations that could last six weeks. Many …
The mandate system was an innovative international procedure to assist the transition toward independence of former colonies and dependencies after World War I (1914–1918). The mandate system was established by the founding treaty of the League of Nations (1919) and represented a compromise between the new liberal principles …
The mandate theory of representation states that an elected representative should behave as a true agent to his/her principal, the constituency. Representatives are therefore expected to serve the interests of their constituents. Hence the theory requires that the policies adopted by incumbents be those preferred by voters. The …
A manifesto is a document that details the values, principles, and goals of an individual or political organization. Manifestos are generally written as public documents and provide people with information about a group or movement, but manifestos can also be secret and designed to provide internal guidance for …
Karl Mannheim (1893–1947), was a Hungarian-born sociologist. He is considered one of the leading figures in the development of sociology as a discipline and is regarded as the founder of the sociology of knowledge. Mannheim, originally named Mannheim Károly, was born in Budapest, which was then part of …
Maoism refers to the body of thought and practices associated with Mao Zedong (1893–1976). As the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Mao led the party to victory in 1949 by defeating the Nationalist Party under Chiang Kaishek (1887–1975) in a protracted civil war that dated back …
Herbert Marcuse (1898–1979) was a German-Jewish social theorist and political activist. He was a member of the majority faction of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) between 1917 and 1919. After World War I (1914–1918), he participated in Berlin’s revolutionary Soldiers’ Council. However, he resigned from both the …
A marginal district is a legislative district in which the electorate is closely divided between supporters of opposing parties. The relative electoral fortunes of the parties in marginal districts serve as indicators of national trends, because the narrow margin of victory renders them more susceptible to change than …
José Carlos Mariátegui (1894–1930) was a Peruvian activist, political theorist, and writer. He was born in Moquegua in 1894. His father abandoned his family, creating economic difficulties that were further exacerbated by a serious injury to Mariátegui’s left leg that left him in poor health for much of …
Jacques Maritain (1882–1973) of France was one of the most influential Catholic thinkers of the twentieth century, and he dominates Catholic social thought as a defender of human rights and freedom. Born in Par is, he was brought up as a liberal Protestant but converted to Catholicism in …
Market socialism is a political economic system employing the marketplace to distribute goods and services while still adhering to the basic egalitarian values of Marxism. Market socialism arose as an alternative to the centrally planned economy in the Soviet Union. Karl Marx criticized capitalism and the use of …
The Marshall Plan was a broad package of economic and commercial aid that the United States granted to European countries in the aftermath of World War II (1939–1945). The aid was intended to provide Europe with money to restart international trade in food, to avoid starvation, and to …
Marsilius of Padua (1275–1343) was an Italian scholar, educated as a physician, whose intellectual outlook was typical of the secular, educated classes residing in the Italian city-states of his time. His major political work, The Defender of the Peace (Defensor Pacis, 1324), addressed such questions as the nature …
Martial law consists of transitory rule by military authorities of a designated area inhabited by civilians during periods of emergency. In theory, martial law is temporary, but a state of martial law in a jurisdiction may persist indefinitely (as observed in Egypt, which has been under martial law …
Known as the father of socialism, political theorist and economist Karl Heinrich Marx (1818–1883) was born in the Rhineland area of Prussia (Germany) near the French border. Marx’s Jewish family converted to Christianity and moved to England where he became a radical. In England, Marx met philosopher Friedrich …
Marxism is an ideology that derives from Karl Marx’s (1818–1883) critique of capitalism. As the third child in a middle-class Jewish family, Marx studied law at the University of Bonn and wrote his dissertation, The Difference between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature, in 1841. Aristotle, who …
Karl Marx said little about the political party as such. Marx assumed that the party was the essential means of expression of the proletariat, the class he saw as having a vocation to usher in a new world. In the first chapter of his 1848 Communist Manifesto, Marx …
