Category: Essay Examples
Essay examples are of great value for students who want to complete their assignments timely and efficiently. If you are a student in the university, your first stop in the quest for research paper examples will be the campus library where you can get to view the sample essays of lecturers and other professionals in diverse fields plus those of fellow students who preceded you in the campus.
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Many college departments maintain libraries of previous student work, including essays, which current students can examine. This collection of free essay examples is our attempt to provide high quality samples of different types of essays on a variety of topics for your study and inspiration.
Universal jurisdiction is one of the most problematic and misapplied concepts in international relations. One of the most notable definitional problems with this concept is its relationship to issues of extraterritoriality. Therefore, it is important to recognize, from the outset, that extraterritorial jurisdiction is not synonymous with universal …
Uno Kozo (1899–1977) was the most influential Marxist thinker in Japan in the twentieth century. Born into a mercantile family, Uno received a degree in economics from the Tokyo Imperial University and joined the Ohara Institute for the Study of Social Problems. During this period, Hajime Kawakami was …
In 2007, roughly 40 percent of the world’s national-legislature governments had two chambers, otherwise known as a bicameral assembly. The other 60 percent consist of only one chamber, a unicameral assembly. In these bicameral representative institutions, there is a lower chamber, considered the first chamber, and an upper …
Urban economic development denotes either a local government policy field or the level of economic activity in the city. As a public policy field, it is an important component of local government activity in developed—and increasingly also in developing—countries. The main purpose of an urban economic development policy …
Housing has always been a central issue for human welfare, in both rural and urban societies. Nonetheless, for many centuries it was marginally an issue for planners who were more focused on urban infrastructure and public buildings. The situation changed in the second half of the nineteenth century, …
Urban inequality and poverty have been subjects of political inquiry since industrialized societies became primarily urban, and began to exhibit many of the contemporary social and political dynamics currently seen in the Western world. Ever since the urbanization of the world began in the 1800s, cities have been …
Urbanization is the process of transition from a rural to a more urban society in which a large proportion of the total population lives in cities. This means that urbanization is a process associated with the expansion of the built-up area and also related to the development of …
Town planning, or urban land use, is concerned with the design and development of human settlements. It is a human activity with origins tracing back to antiquity, in Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, and on up to the Renaissance and the bTown planning, or urban land use, is concerned with …
Largely the result of migration from rural areas, urban growth can place tremendous burdens on urban institutions of governance, such as municipal authorities and community organizations, and also on the private sector. Rapid in-migration of new residents can significantly shift local political dynamics by creating new voting blocs, …
Utilitarianism is the philosophical theory that the morally right act or policy is the one that promotes the greatest happiness, or well-being, counting equally the happiness and unhappiness of each person. In the context of utilitarianism, happiness and well-being may also be synonymous with utility. In its early …
A utopia describes a positive, but unrealizable, state. In this sense, all positive ideals or images of society that cannot be realized in practice are utopian. In a more restricted and technical sense, utopia designates a literary and political genre devoted to the construction of models of the …
Validity is the degree to which a measurement procedure captures a theoretical concept being measured. Validity determines whether one is measuring what one intends to measure. The problems of measurement arise from the nature of social science processes that are complex and, therefore, difficult to delineate unambiguously along …
Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929) was a critic and satirist of U.S. economic society and its system of capitalism. An economist, social scientist, and social critic, he sought to apply the idea of evolution to the study of economic institutions in order to develop evolutionary economics. Both Darwinism and social …
Virtue theory refers to theoretical accounts of the concept of virtue and its role in ethics. It addresses such questions as: What is virtue? How is virtue acquired? What is the moral status of virtuous acts? What is a virtuous character? Although related, virtue theory is not the …
Eric Voegelin (1901–1985) was an Austrian American political philosopher and philosopher of history. He is best known for his New Science of Politics (1952), in which he characterized modern civilization in ter ms of the ancient Chr istian heresy, Gnosticism. In his magnum opus, Order and History (1956–1987),Voegelin …
Voltaire (1694–1778) was the pseudonym of Francois-Marie Arouet, a French scholar and satirist. Voltaire was born to a family of some standing, as his father was in government service and his mother came from a line of aristocrats. The Jesuit order guided his early education, with teachings that …
A vote represents the expression of an individual preference for one or more candidate, or party, selected relative to those candidates and parties not selected. It also is one individual’s contribution to the collective choice of who will be elected. Although thresholds, whether effective or statutory, may introduce …
A voter registration drive is a campaign to register eligible voters. Such efforts are particularly common in countries such as the United States, where there are significant populations of unregistered, eligible voters. Voter registration drives may be nonpartisan or partisan. Since voting is seen both as a basic …
Voting behavior is the primary determinant of political outcomes in democratic politics, and has been studied extensively in political science literature. It is considered not only an individual act but also a collective phenomenon, since it involves aggregating individual choices into an overall electoral result. The analysis of …
The idea of democracy closely relates to the method by which group decisions are made and managed. In this sense, democracy relates to the rules that transform individual preferences into a group preference through voting. However, there are considerable differences between individual decisions and group decisions. While individual …
