Category: Essay Examples
Essay examples are of great value for students who want to complete their assignments timely and efficiently. If you are a student in the university, your first stop in the quest for research paper examples will be the campus library where you can get to view the sample essays of lecturers and other professionals in diverse fields plus those of fellow students who preceded you in the campus.
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Many college departments maintain libraries of previous student work, including essays, which current students can examine. This collection of free essay examples is our attempt to provide high quality samples of different types of essays on a variety of topics for your study and inspiration.
Cesare Beccaria (1738–94) wrote one of the most influential essays on criminal behavior, advocating sweeping reforms to the justice system in Europe. He proposed utilitarian principles to eliminate barbaric criminal justice practices, such as torture. In his estimation, the primary purpose of punishment was to achieve deterrence and …
Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) worked for legal and political reforms with his ethics providing their philosophical rationale. His ethics is found in his major work, the compendious Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789), which contains his hedonistic theories of psychology and ethics informing not only his …
The term biometrics is derived from two Greek words, bios, which means “life,” and metrikos, which means “measure.” Biometric technologies are used for identity verification, to determine the identity of a person, or to evaluate the intentions of a person through the use of physiological and/or behavioral measures. …
Throughout the history of American policing, there have been periodic accounts of official investigations of police misconduct abruptly terminated because uninvolved officers were aware of wrongful acts of peers but chose to remain silent. In effect, the unspoken code suggests that if they desire to do so police …
Boot camps became a politically popular option, especially for imposing punishment on young offenders and particularly in the United States, but there is no evidence that they are effective in reducing rates of recidivism. Concerns have been raised that the overemphasis on authority in a correctional boot camp …
Borders are a physical manifestation of state social control. Regulatory organizations such as a border patrol serve as the coercive force responsible for both the border’s symbolic and actual effectiveness at controlling goods and personnel potentially transiting the nation’s boundary lines. That coercive control has ethical implications. History …
There are many lively debates surrounding the ethics, efficacacies, and policy implications of capital punishment—especially pertaining to the question of whether capital punishment serves as an effective deterrent to crime. Most social science research suggests that there is no significant deterrent effect, and some research indicates that capital …
The quintessential ethical question about capital punishment is whether it is morally right for the state to intentionally kill its citizens. This ethical question is quite apart from the narrower question of whether the state has the legal right to intentionally kill its citizens. The U.S. Supreme Court …
A sex offender is a person who commits sexual acts that are considered deviant by society and are determined to be illegal. These acts may be done by physically assaulting another, such as rape or child molestation, or in the case of child pornography, by violating the rights …
When attributing moral and legal responsibility or strict liability to an agent, both the law and morality presuppose a causal connection between agents and outcomes. Justice requires such a connection in order for blame to be apt and punishment deserved. However, in both the law and morality, not …
Child abuse and neglect is a relatively new concept. The acknowledgment of children as a separate entity worthy of protection from abuse and neglect (also known as maltreatment) from parents and caregivers began just over 100 years ago. Prior to this time period, children did not hold a …
Actus reus is the physical, observable aspect of a crime, and comprises a bodily action, threat of action, or in some cases an omission or refusal to act. To be held legally responsible for some crimes requires both an actus reus, Latin for “guilty act,” and a mens …
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 558 U.S. 310 (2010), is a U.S. Supreme Court case in which federal restrictions on political expenditures by corporations (including unions and nonprofit organizations) were held to be an impermissible suppression of political speech protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. …
For centuries, scholars have postulated on what citizenship means. Although a range of theories exist, notions of citizenship commonly convey an implication that some degree of moral mindfulness regarding our thoughts, actions, and behaviors toward people’s fellow human beings is necessary. Four key Western thinkers’ conceptualizations — those …
Historically, one of the most conflicted—indeed, contentious—issues facing criminal justice and mental health professionals is that of reducing ambiguity in civil commitment proceedings that restrict the freedom of individuals viewed as potentially violent, such as those with mental disorders, violent sex offenders, and juvenile delinquents. Center stage in …
Civil disobedience occurs when a person refuses to obey a law or policy he or she believes to be unjust. Integrity-based civil disobedience involves citizens engaging in protest toward a law or policy they feel is immoral. Justice-based civil disobedience involves the disobeying of laws to obtain a …
In much of the modern world, social class as a distinct system of stratification contains fluid boundaries, and determining an individual’s or family’s social rank requires a subjective approach. In societies without slavery, peasantry, or caste, the individual and family don’t have a clearly defined and concrete social …
Clemency has been controversial in recent years as it appears that prosecutors are making more recommendations to the court for the life without parole option for serious offenses and therefore more offenders are seeking to get the benefit of this extraordinary assistance. Clemency is a designation used for …
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the term given to describe a system of remotely located video cameras positioned across a particular space, such as a around a building or on city streets. These cameras are linked, as the name suggests, to a closed circuit as opposed to an open …
Codes of conduct and legal ethics rules are adopted by criminal justice actors and institutions such as police, attorneys and judges, and corrections professionals. International standards of criminal justice are outlined in the United Nations Criminal Justice Standards for law enforcement peacekeeping officers working overseas. Why Codes of …
