Category: Essay Examples
Essay examples are of great value for students who want to complete their assignments timely and efficiently. If you are a student in the university, your first stop in the quest for research paper examples will be the campus library where you can get to view the sample essays of lecturers and other professionals in diverse fields plus those of fellow students who preceded you in the campus.
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Many college departments maintain libraries of previous student work, including essays, which current students can examine. This collection of free essay examples is our attempt to provide high quality samples of different types of essays on a variety of topics for your study and inspiration.
The origins of the Bulgarian Empire are usually traced to the Bulgaro-Slavic state established by an alliance between the Bulgar Khan Asparuh and the league of the seven Slavic tribes around 679. Although this state had been founded within the bounds of the Byzantine Empire, Emperor Constantine IV …
The earliest records of Bulgar invasions in Europe come from the fifth century. In 481 Emperor Zeno employed Bulgar mercenaries against the Ostrogoths who had invaded the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Roman Empire. During the reign of Emperor Anastasius (491–518), the Bulgars made several incursions into Thrace …
The classical civilization of Burma (Myanmar) is centered at Pagan. After the collapse of the Pyu state, the Mrammas (Sanskritized Brahma), or Burmans, founded their chief city, Pagan (Arimarddanapura or “City Where Enemies Were Exterminated”) around 849 c.e. The ethnic Chinese had pushed them back around the second …
Byzantine history spans the period from the late Roman Empire to the beginning of the modern age. Constantine the Great, first Christian ruler of the Roman Empire, moved his capital to Byzantion in 330, renaming the city Constantinople. The state he ruled was Byzant, but the citizens called …
The city of Constantinople, or Byzantium, was founded, according to legend, in 667 b.c.e., by Greeks from Megara and gradually rose in importance during the Roman Empire. Its initial importance was its position on the trade routes in the eastern Mediterranean, especially its close access to the land …
Caesaropapism is the idea that the emperor had complete control over the Orthodox Greek Church in the Roman/Byzantine Empire, relegating the church to something like a department of state, subordinate to, rather than independent from, imperial power. This is a western perspective never found in Byzantine sources. In …
After the prophet Muhammad’s death in 632, the elder statesman Abu Bakr (r. 632–34) was selected as the new caliph or representative of the Muslim community. The first four caliphs were known as the Rashidun or rightly guided ones. Abu Bakr irritated Muhammad’s daughter, Fatima, and her husband, …
Canute was the younger son of Sweyn Forkbeard (c. 960–1014) and Princess Gunhild, and the grandson of Harold Bluetooth, king of the Danes. In 1013 Canute joined Sweyn on his third attempt to invade England. Sweyn forced the incompetent King Ethelred II the Unready (968–1016) to escape to …
The founder of the Capetian dynasty of French kings (987–1328), Hugh Capet was born the second son of Hugh the Great, duke of Francia and count of Paris, and Hedwig, sister of Otto I, the emperor of Germany. In 961 he was made duke of Francia, holding vast …
Cultural criminology emerged at the end of the 20th century as an intervention into the existing paradigm of the discipline. As criminology’s focus on developing advanced statistical methods deepened and as the discipline became increasingly intertwined with public policy and the actuarial concerns of criminal justice, foundational questions …
Much of criminological theory has been constrained by theories that were developed in a specific context, early modernity, and formed an analysis developed on assumptions that are no longer appropriate. Recent attempts to overcome these constraints, notably postmodernist theories, have misunderstood the extension and alteration of modernist processes …
While few criminologists have written about or even taught research ethics, criminologists do swap stories about their dealings with various research ethics and research committees. These accounts tend to be dominated by horror stories or suggestions for ways of mollifying committees. As empirical researchers, criminologists face two distinct …
In an effort to assist individuals to cope with their critical incident stress reactions, critical incident stress management (CISM) programs, which include critical incident stress debriefings (CISD), have been adopted in public safety, emergency, and first-responder organizations. Critical incident stress debriefing was created by Jeffrey T. Mitchell in …
The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that “Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” The prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment found in the Eighth Amendment can be traced as far back as Magna Carta, which states …
Critical pedagogy is a philosophy of education that seeks to help students understand what they learn by drawing on students’ life experiences and applying learned concepts to real-world contexts. This approach attempts to empower students by increasing their critical understanding. Engagement with critical pedagogy is essential to the …
Defining culture is not without controversy. The concept of culture has long been a topic of debate among social scientists. Anthropologists such as Edward Tylor, Lewis Henry Morgan, and Franz Boas were among the first to attempt to understand cultural differences among and between human societies and to …
Custodial-use-of-force policies address the legal and necessary amount of force that police and law enforcement officials are authorized to use in fulfilling their duties and responsibilities. “Custodial use of force” has been defined as the use of physical restraint by a police officer when dealing with a member …
Cyberbullying is variously defined depending on state law and legal glossaries. Generally it involves the use of technology (including texting, social media, instant messaging) with the intention of harming or embarrassing another individual. Though age is generally not a significant factor, cyberbullying generally refers to children and youth. …
Any discussion of pornography must include a clarification of what constitutes pornography. The word pornography is derived from the Greek word pornographas, meaning “writing about prostitutes.” While more modern definitions vary slightly, most tend to define pornography as media that is intended to evoke erotic excitation or sexual …
Since the 1990s, the United States has recognized stalking as a criminal offense. Although its legal definition varies by each state, stalking includes unwanted behaviors that range from harassment to threats of violence and death. Stalking has now moved into cyberspace where the same actions off-line and new …
