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It would be possible to confuse the term place with the very similar term space. Place refers to a specific location in the physical or cultural world and the attributes of that setting or niche. Space refers to the amount of physical or social distance maintained among the social actors.
Goffman’s (1961) dramaturgical treatment of social settings as staging areas for the enactment of social scripts demonstrated that place characteristics can have a profound effect on interaction. This insight has been influential in architecture and urban planning as well as in sociology. People’s conception of identities they possess already or aspire to can drive the construction or location of the places they inhabit.
In the second sense of place, part of the individual’s self-concept may derive from socialization or experiences in a particular geographic location. The individual may express nostalgia or homesickness for the prior location, and link its influence to elements of self or social character in the present.
In its third sense, place is a cultural or social location rather than a physical setting. Having a sense of social place is especially important when a society is highly stratified. Frequently there are elaborate rituals of deference, acknowledgement, and space use associated with the social place of the individual. The distribution of access or resources may hinge upon it.
Bibliography:
- Creswell, T. (1996) In Place/Out of Place: Geography, Ideology and Transgression. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
- Goffman, (1961) Encounters. Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, IN.
- Milligan, M. (1998) Interactional past and potential: the social construction of place attachment, Symbolic Interaction 21 (1): 1—34.
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