Concept Analysis Essay ⋆ Political Science Essay Examples ⋆ EssayEmpire

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Concept analysis, or formal concept analysis, allows researchers to identify and visualize specific structures in information. This data analysis method utilizes algebra and order theory and can enhance statistics and modeling analysis. When modeling through concept analysis, representations of concepts within a particular domain are derived from object-property matrices by using data-cluster in algorithms. These algorithms use established and hierarchically ordered patter ns to expose clusters within a larger data set, but the different algorithms delineate clusters in various ways. Concept analysis may be used to create concept lattices (known as Galois lattices) that allow identification and display of relationships. These lattices may further be developed into classification systems.

German scholar Rudolf Willie developed concept analysis in 1982, but its use initially remained limited because of its highly technical nature. In the 1990s, the popularity of concept analysis increased dramatically as new computer applications were integrated with the approach. By the twenty-first century, there were a variety of concept analysis software packages and open source software available for research. Fields ranging from medicine and psychology, to software engineering and library information science, use concept analysis, and it is also increasingly used in social sciences such as anthropology and sociology. Intelligence agencies in the United States and Western Europe have also used concept analysis as a means to possibly identify terrorist sleeper cells or other security threats, based on attributes and patterns.

Concordat

A concordat is an agreement between ecclesiastical and civil powers. The popes have widely used concordats to obtain recognition and privileges for the Roman Catholic Church and, in order to secure the state’s promise to refrain from encroachment upon religious life, to terminate dissension with national civil powers by foregoing some of the church’s traditional privileges and immunities. The concordats cover spiritual and temporal matters such as the nomination of bishops, the establishment of parishes, religious instruction, religious marriage, and church property.

The first concordat was Pactum Callixtinum of 1122, allowing the church to control the investiture of priests in exchange for important concessions permitting the emperor to assist at Episcopal elections and to exact an oath of vassalage from bishops that greatly restricted the rights and liberties of the church. In the nineteenth century, concordats became a preferred tool of the Roman Catholic Church to regulate ecclesiastical affairs in different lands. While concordats have provided the church with important benefits, the 1933 concordat with Germany granted international recognition to dictator Adolph Hitler’s regime.

Since 1965, over 115 agreements have been concluded between the Vatican and various countries. This proliferation, and the implicit recognition concordats bestow on sometimes undemocratic political regimes, came under fire in the early twenty-first century.