Jacobinism Essay ⋆ Political Science Essay Examples ⋆ EssayEmpire

Jacobinism was a radical political movement that emerged during the French Revolution (1789–1799). The term later came to be used to describe any extreme left-wing grouping. The Jacobins were initially formed in 1789 in the Brittany region of northwestern France. Their formal title was the Society of the Friends of the Constitution, but their popular name was derived from the Dominican monastery where the group met. The members were moderate republicans who sought to limit the authority of the monarchy. The early Jacobin leader Honoré de Mirabeau advocated a constitutional monarchy modeled on the British system. The Jacobins became more radical under the leadership of Louis de Saint-Just and Maximilien Robespierre, who gained the support of the Paris working class. More moderate Jacobins left the organization and formed the Feuillants, but became increasingly marginalized. The Jacobins helped undermine the Girondists and in 1793 were able to gain power. Under Robespierre, they instituted the Reign of Terror (1793–1794). The excesses and political repression of the Jacobins led to their downfall and both Robespier re and Saint-Just were executed during the counter revolt of July 1794. In Great Britain, the term Jacobin was applied toward radicals, beginning in the 1790s, and later radical groups calling themselves Jacobins emerged in France during the mid to late 1800s.

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