Mashriq Essay ⋆ Political Science Essay Examples ⋆ EssayEmpire

The Arabic word for “the East” (literally, “where the sun rises”), the Mashriq (sometimes written “Mashreq”) is a vague geographic ter m specifically used, particularly in moder n times but in varying ways by earlier Arab geographers, for the eastern part of the Arab world. This sometimes extends as far west as Egypt and the Sudan and always includes the countries of the Fertile Crescent (Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq) and the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait), as opposed to the Maghreb (from Maghrib, literally, “where the sun sets”), which includes the Arab countries of North Africa lying west of Egypt (or, at least, west of Libya). While the term Maghreb is widely used in English, the word Mashriq occurs less often. More common and essentially synonymous terms are Arab East or Arab Middle East, although the latter does not always exclude the Maghreb countries. The word Levant (of French origin and also meaning “rising [sun]”) has a similar meaning, although in its broad usage it refers only to the region bordering on the eastern Mediterranean, sometimes including the non-Arab countries, while the term Levant states was used specifically for Syria and Lebanon during the period of the French mandate.

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