Qualitative analysis refers to the way researchers analyze data collected through methods such as participant observation, case studies, interviews, narratives, and other nonquantitative for mats. Qualitative analysis includes three major components: (1) reducing data by narrowing the focus, organizing, and transforming raw data (e.g., field notes) in a meaningful way; (2) displaying data through a detailed narrative about the phenomenon under examination or visuals (or both), such as charts and figures; and (3) drawing and verifying conclusions. In qualitative analysis, conclusions are often drawn early in the data collection process. Such conclusions are not final, but rather are refined continuously during the analysis process.
Two concerns emerge about qualitative analysis and the researcher. The first is researcher bias since the researcher collects the initial data. Second, the conclusions drawn by the researcher need to be verified and then validated. In recent years, researchers using qualitative analysis have received assistance from computer-assisted qualitative data analysis (CAQDA) software which helps them with functions such as coding data. In conclusion, qualitative analysis offers researchers an alternate approach to quantitative analysis.
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