Revisionism Essay

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Revisionism can refer to broad movements within the study of history that seek to reinter pret the past or to one of a series of ideological movements within Marxism. Revisionist historians have challenged accepted narratives of past events in order to overcome subjectivity and to account for newly discovered, or long hidden, sources. For instance, in the post– World War I (1914–1918) era, historians produced a range of new works that questioned the traditional inter pretations of the causes of the war. Revisionism also can be a form of propaganda, used by states to rewrite the past. In Marxism, revisionism initially referred to the work of theorists such as Eduard Bernstein who argued that Marx’s predictions concerning the imminent collapse of capitalism were incorrect. According to Bernstein, this made revolution impossible, but capitalism could be overcome through a gradual process of political and economic reform. Orthodox Marxists, including Vladimir Lenin, rejected Bernstein’s contentions, and revisionism acquired a negative connotation. It became a pejorative term to describe any movement within Marxism that challenged traditional orthodoxy. In addition, Maoists charged the Soviets with revisionism following the death of Joseph Stalin. However, revisionist movements in the late 1950s evolved into the new left in the United States and western Europe.

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