Ticket splitting results when voters cast their ballots for candidates from different parties during a single election. There are two main forms of ticket splitting. Vertical ticket splitting occurs when a voter chooses candidates from different parties for office at various levels of government. For instance, a voter may support the candidate of one party at the national level, but a candidate from a rival party at the local or regional level. Horizontal ticket splitting occurs when voters endorse different candidates for similar offices. For example, a voter in a mixed-member system might endorse one party in the proportional list and a candidate from another party in the constituency race. Ticket splitting is generally a manifestation of weak party affiliations and is more common when individual parties have divisions or policy disputes. However, it may also reflect differences in the appeal of individual candidates. In the two-party system in the United States, vertical ticket splitting is common with voters often supporting one party in Congress, but the other party in presidential contests. Some scholars suggest that ticket splitting is often a deliberate voting strategy designed to achieve or maintain a balance in government.
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