Whips are the members of the party leadership in legislatures who are charged to organize members to vote and to enforce party discipline. The term originated in the British Parliament from the phrase “whipper in,” a hunting assistant who was charged with keeping the dog pack together. In both the U.S. Congress and Westminster systems, there is usually a chief whip for each party (known in the United States as either the Majority or Minority Whip) and a varying number of assistant or deputy whips. The main responsibility for whips is to ensure that members in the legislature are present and support the party during critical votes. Whips are responsible for providing the leadership of their party with realistic estimates on support or opposition for measures. In the U.S. system, whips may recommend the removal of a member from a prized committee or leadership position, but in general have far less power to punish or cajole than do their counterparts in parliamentary systems. For instance, in the British Parliament, whips have the power to expel members from the party, although not from
Parliament itself. In the Westminster system, whips also serve as the initial point of contact for negotiations between the parties on legislative matters.
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